BAB 5

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICES

Definisi

Kata kerja transitif mempunyai dua voice (ragam gramatikal),yaitu active voice(aktif) dan passive voice (pasif).

Active voices(Bentuk aktif) yaitu dapat dikatakan disini orang,binatang atau benda yang ditunjukan oleh subjek dikatakan melakukan sesuatu pada sesuatu yang lain.

Passive voices(Bentuk passive) yaitu dapat dikatakan disini orang,binatang atau benda dikatakan menderita sesuatu dari sesuatu yang lain.

Penjelasan

Passive voices (Kalimat Pasif) yaitu kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai pekerjaan. Dalam bahasa Indonesia kalimat ini menggunakan kata kerja yang diawali di (dijual,dipanggil,ditulis dan lain-lain)

Catatan :

Rumus pembuatan kalimat pasif ialah :

To be+Past Participle / Tobe+V3

Passive voice juga mengikuti waktu/tenses seperti yang dialami oleh kalimat aktif.

Aturan-aturan untuk merubah kalimat dari bentuk aktif menjadi pasif :

• Kalimatnya harus mempunyai objek (transitive verb). Jika tidak ada objek, maka harus ada question word yang menanyakan objek.

• Objek kalimat aktif menjadi subjek kalimat pasif

• Subjek kalimat aktif menjadi objek kalimat pasif yang didaului kaya “by”

• Kata kerja yang dipakai adalah Verb-III (Past Participle) yang didahului oleh to be

• Susunan kalimat disesuaikan dengan tenses

Dibawah ini merupakan contoh-contoh kalimat-kalimat aktif yang diubah menjadi kalimat pasif dalam bentuk tenses :

Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Dalam Bentuk Simple Present Tense

Aktif : Subject + infinitive + object

Pasif : Subject + to be + Past Participle + by object

Contoh kalimat :

Aktif : He buys a pen

Pasif : A pen is bought by him

Aktif : She does the homework

Pasif : The homework is done by her

Aktif : They sell that house

Pasif : The house is sold by them

Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Dalam Bentuk Present Continous Tense

Aktif : Subject + is,am,are + present participle + object

Pasif : Subject + is,am,are + being + past participle + by object

Contoh kalimat :

Aktif : She is doing the homework

Pasif : The homework is being done by her

Aktif : He is waiting for Dina

Pasif : Dina is being waited by him

Aktif : They are giving the present to Mary

Pasif : The present is being given by them to Mary

Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Dalam Bentuk Present Perfect Tense

Aktif : Subject + have/has + past participle + object

Pasif : Subject + have/has + past participle + by object

Contoh kalimat :

Aktif : She has bought a pencil

Pasif : A pencil has bought by her

Aktif : He has left this house since 1978

Pasif : This house has been left by him since 1978

Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Dalam Bentuk Present Perfect Continous Tense

Aktif : Subject + have/has been + present participle + object

Pasif : Subject + have/has + been + being + past participle +by object

Contoh kalimat :

Aktif : She has been doing a home work all night toninght

Pasif : A home work has been being done by her all night tonight

Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Dalam Bentuk Past Tense

Aktif : Subject + past + object

Pasif : Subject + was/were + past participle + by object

Contoh kalimat :

Aktif : She tore the letter last night

Pasif : The letter was torn by her last night

Aktif : Susi helped nita last Sunday

Pasif : Nita was helped by susi last Sunday

Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Dalam Bentuk Past Continous Tense

Aktif : Subject + was/were + present participle + object

Pasif : Subject + was/were + being + past participle + by object

Contoh kalimat :

Aktif : Dina was reading a novel

Pasif : A novel was being read by dina

Aktif : Vika was helping her mother in the kitchen yesterday

Pasif : Her mother was being helped by vika in the kitchen

Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Dalam Bentuk Past Perfect Tense

Aktif : Subject + had + past participle + object

Pasif : Subject + had been + past participle + by object

Contoh kalimat :

Aktif : She had left that place

Pasif : That place had been left by her

Aktif : She had not done the job

Pasif : The job had not been done by her

Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Dalam Bentuk Past Perfect Continous Tense

Aktif : Subject + had + been + present participle + object

Pasif : Subject + had + been + being + past participle + by object

Contoh kalimat :

Aktif : Mila had been reading a magazine

Pasif : A magazine had been being read by Mila

Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Dalam Bentuk Future Tense

Aktif : Subject + will + infinitive + object

Pasif : Subject + will be + past participle + by object

Contoh kalimat :

Aktif : Tia will sing a beautiful song

Pasif : A beautiful song will be sung by tia

Aktif : I will not meet dara

Pasif : Dara will not be met by me

Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Dalam Bentuk Future Continous Tense

Aktif : Subject + will be + present participle + object

Pasif : Subject + will + be + being + past participle + object

Contoh kalimat :

Aktif : He will be doing a test tomorrow

Pasif : A test will be being done by him tomorrow

Aktif : He will not be playing football at 4.00 p.m. tomorrow

Pasif : Football will be being played by him at 4.00 p.m tomorrow

Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Dalam Bentuk Future Perfect Tense

Aktif : Subject + will have + past participle + object

Pasif : Subject + will have been + past participle + by subject

Contoh kalimat :

Aktif : he will have finished his duty next month

Pasif : His duty will have been finished by him next month

Aktif : She will not have done her homework till next week

Pasif : Homework not have been had by him till next week

Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Dalam Bentuk Future Perfect Continous Tense

Aktif : Subject + will have been + present participle + object

Pasif : Subject + will have been + being + past participle

Contoh kalimat :

Aktif : Dewi will have been studying English for three weeks

Pasif : English will have been being studied by Dewi for three weeks

Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Dalam Bentuk Past Future Tense

Aktif : Subject + would + infinitive + object

Pasif : Subject + would + be + past participle + by object

Contoh kalimat :

Aktif : I would buy a book tomorrow

Pasif : A book would be bought by me tomorrow

Aktif : He would awake the servant last night

Pasif : The servant would be awoken by him last night

Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Dalam Bentuk Past Future Continous Tense

Aktif : Subject + would be + present participle + object

Pasif : Subject + would be + being + past participle + by object

Contoh kalimat :

Aktif : He would be taking an examination at this time the following day

Pasif : An examination would be being taken by him at this time the following day

Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Dalam Bentuk Past Future Perfect Tense

Aktif : Subject + would + have + past participle + object

Pasif : Subject + would + have + been + past participle + by object

Contoh kalimat :

Aktif : He would have finished the duty if he had worked hard

Pasif : The duty would have been finished by him if he had worked hard

Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Dalam Bentuk Past Future Perfect Continous Tense

Aktif : Subject + would + have +been + present participle + object

Pasif : Subject + would + have + been + being + past participle + by object

Contoh kalimat :

Aktif : we would have been doing that plan for three years

Pasif : that plan would have been being done by us for tree years

Referensi/sumber :

1. TOEFL Preparation By Drs. Kardimin, M.Hum

2. Fundamentals of ENGLISH GRAMMAR second edition By Betty Schrampfer Azar

3. Understanding and Using ENGLISH GRAMMAR second edition BY Betty Schrampfer Azar

4. Modern English Exercise For Non Native Speaker Part II By Marcela Frank

5. Work book for intermediate student LIA

6. English Grammar In Use By Raymond Murphy