KELAS : 4EA21
NPM : 13210547
TENSES
Tenses dalam bahasa
inggris memiliki kekhususan tersendiri
dibanding dengan bahasa indonesia. Tenses merupakan suatu bentuk kata
kerja dalam tata bahasa yang menunjukan waktu terjadinya suatu perbuatan atau
peristiwa dan tahap penyelesaiannya. Banyaknya ragam
pembagian tenses atas waktu waktunya membuat bahasa inggris menjadi sangat
kompleks.
1
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Simple present tense
digunakan untuk mengungkapkan/ menggambarkan suatu peristiwa/kejadian/kebiasaan
setiap saat sekarang dalam bentuk yang paling sederhana dan merupakan tindakan
atau aktivitas sehari-hari atau yang dilakukan berulang-ulang.
Rumus :
Kalimat Verbal(+) Subject+Verb 1 (s/es)+Object
(-) Subject+do/does not+V1
(?) Do/does+Subject+V1
Kalimat Nominal
(+) Subject+to be+noun, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+to be+not+noun, adjective, adverb
(?) To be+Subject+noun, adjective, adverb
Contoh :
Kalimat Verbal
(+) The cat eats little meat in the room
(-) She does not come here
(?) Does he go to Bali every weekend ?
Kalimat Nominal
(+) She is very rich
(-) I am not a doctor
(?) Are you a new student here ? 2 PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Present continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan
peristiwa/kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung saat ini dan peristiwa atau kegiatan
yang akan segera terjadi/ dilaksanakan.
Rumus :(+) Subject+to be (is/am/are)+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+to be+not+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(?) To be+subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
Contoh Kalimat :
(+) He is playing guitar now
(-) They are not watching TV
(?) Is she singing a song for us ?
3
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Present perfect tense digunakan untuk menyatakan
kegiatan yang dimulai pada waktu lampau dan telah selesai dikerjakan pada waktu
sekarang.
Pola Kalimat(+) Subject+have/has+been/Verb-3+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+have/has+not+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb
(?) Have/has+Subject+V-3+object, adjective, adverb
Contoh Kalimat
(+) She has seen this movie three times
(-) Dian has not lived in the sam house for five
years
(?) Has he read the book ?
4
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Present perfect continous
tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan dalam waktu lampau dan masih terus
dikerjakan diwaktu sekarang.
Rumus :
Pola Kalimat(+) Subject+have/has+been+Verb-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+have/has+not+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(?) Have/has+been+Subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
Contoh Kalimat :
(+) The government has been trying hard to cope with
the problems
(-) He has not been working since an hour ago
(?) Has he been practising taekwondo for two hours
5
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang dilakukan pada saat
tertentu di waktu lampau.
Pola Kalimat
(+)
Subject+Verb-2+ object, adjective, adverb
(-)
Subject+did not+V-1+object, adjective, adverb
(?)
Did+Subject+Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb
Contoh kalimat
(+) Mr. Agus bought this car last year
(-) They did not invite her to the party
(?) Did the students understand your lesson ?
6 PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang sedang terjadi atau
kegiatan yang sedang dilakukan disaat tertentu diwaktu lampau
Pola Kalimat
(+)
Subject+be (was/were)+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(-)
Subject+was/were+not+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(?)
Was/were+Subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
Contoh Kalimat
(+) He was playing with the kids when she came home
(-) I were not
writing a letter when my brother arrived
(?) Was she singing a song when her parents came ?
7
PAST PERFECT TENSE
Untuk menyatakan peristiwa/kegiatan yang telah
terjadi / selesai diwaktu lampau, pada waktu kegiatan lain terjadi/ dilakukan
Pola Kalimat
(+)
Subject+had+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb
(-)
Subject+had+not+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb
(?)
Had+subject+V-3+object, adjective, adverb
Contoh kalimat
(+) The train had left before i arrived
(-) I had not copied the lesson before she came home
(?) Had I swabbed floor when you arrived ?
8
PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS TENSE
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang masih dilanjutkan
diwaktu lampau pada waktu kegiatan lain terjadi.
Pola Kalimat
(+)
Subject+had+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(-)
Subject+had+not+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(?)
Had+subject+been+ V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
Contoh Kalimat :
(+) I had been doing homework for 30 minutes when
you called yesterday
(-) We had not been playing football when there was
a storm
(?) Had mother been cooking when i came ?
Untuk
menyatakan peristiwa/kegiatan yang akan terjadi / dikerjakan diwaktu yang akan
datang
Pola Kalimat
(+)
Subject+will/shall+be/Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb
(-)
Subject+will/shall+not+be/Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb
(?)
Will/shall+Subject+be/V-1+object, adjective, adverb
Contoh
kalimat :
(+) I will
invite you tomorrow
(-) We shall
not go to Jakarta next week
(?) Will he
go to Papua next month ?
10 FUTURE
CONTINUOUS TENSE
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang akan sedang
dikerjakan diwaktu yang akan datang
Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+will/shall+be+Verb-ing+object,
adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+will/shall+not+be+Verb-ing+object,
adjective, adverb
(?)
Will/shall+Subject+be+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
Contoh Kalimat :
(+) He will be having a meeting tomorrow afternoon
(-) Dina will not going to course next week
(?) Will she singing a song tonight ?
11
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang akan telah selesai
dikerjakan pada waktu yang akan datang
Pola Kalimat
(+)
Subject+will/shall+have+V-3+object, adjective, adverb
(-)
Subject+will/shall+not+have+Verb-3+object, adjective, adverb
(?)
Will/shall+Subject+have+V-3+object, adjective, adverb
Contoh kalimat
(+) They will have finished their work by Monday
(-) She will not have bought a book
(?) Will Reny not have been at market ?
12
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang telah dimulai dan
masih terus dikerjakan diwaktu yang akan datang.
Pola Kalimat
(+)
Subject+will/shall+have+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+will/shall+not+have+been+Verb-ing+object,
adj, adverb
(?)
Will/shall+Subject+have+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
Contoh kalimat :
(+) We will have been living here for two years by
the end of this year
(-) She will not have been studying english for
three weeks
(?) Will they have been choosing the chairman ?
13
PAST FUTURE
TENSE
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang akan dikerjakan di
waktu lampau, seandainya
Pola Kalimat
(+)
Subject+should/would+Verb-1
(-)
Subject+should/would+not+V-1
(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1
Contoh kalimat
(+) He would join her if he finished the meeting on
time
(-) I would not come
(?) Would she arrive yesterday ?
14 PAST
FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang akan sedang dikerjakan di waktu lampau, seandainya
Pola Kalimat
(+)
Subject+should/would+be+Verb-ing
(-)
Subject+should/would+not+be+Verb-ing
(?)
Would/should+Subject+be+Verb-ing
Contoh Kalimat
(+) He would be waiting for you if you came last
night
(-) She would not be going with him if he cheat her
(?) Would mother be
cooking when i came ?
15 PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSEUntuk menyatakan kegiatan yang telah selesai dikerjakan diwaktu lampau
Pola Kalimat
(+)
Subject+should/would+have+Verb-3
(-)
Subject+should/would+not+have+Verb3
(?) Would/should+Subject+have+Verb3
Contoh Kalimat
(+) She would have cooked his favorite dish if she
had time to shop
(-) He would not have asked her to marry him if she had left him
(?) Would she have come here if she had called him ?
16 PAST
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Pola Kalimat
(+)
Subject+should/would+have+been+Verb-ing
(-)
Subject+should/would+not+have+been+ Verb-ing
(?)
Would/should+Subject+have+been+Verb-ing
Contoh Kalimat
(+) Dani
would have been working for 6 years when
he get fired
(-) He would
not have been practising singing if he had been ill
(?) Would
Chris have been working for 6 years when he get fired?
SUMBER :
http://javasun3.wordpress.com/2010/03/03/rumus-16-tenses-bahasa-inggris/
http://afaafahhb.wordpress.com/2013/04/02/16-tenses-in-english-2/
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar